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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2018 Jul 5;42(9):1572–1590. doi: 10.1111/acer.13811

Table 1.

Abbreviations: DG- dentate gyrus; ELISA- enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; HPLC- high performance liquid chromatography; MGE- medial ganglionic eminence; VNTR-variable number tandem repeat polymorphisms; VTA – ventral tegmental area

Publication Disease Gene/SNP Cell Type Assays Treatment Main findings
Lieberman et al., 2012 Alcohol Use Disorder – Mixed population forebrain lineage neurons and astrocytes
  • -

    qPCR

  • -

    Patch-clamp

 Acute and 7-day alcohol exposure
  • -

    Attenuation of NMDA response to alcohol decreased after chronic exposure in non-AUD neurons

  • -

    Chronic ethanol exposure upregulated NMDA-R subunits
Lieberman et al., 2015 Alcohol Use Disorder GABRA2
(rs279858*C)		 Mixed population forebrain lineage neurons and astrocytes
  • -

    RT-qPCR

  • -

    Next generation RNA sequencing

 –
  • -

    rs279858*C associated with reduced GABRA2 expression as well as other GABAA subunits on chromosome 4p12
De Filippis et al., 2016 Alcohol Use Disorder – NPCs
  • -

    Patch-clamp

  • -

    Immunocytochemistry

  • -

    Western Blot

 Chronic alcohol exposure
  • -

    Inflammasome pathway activation and reduction in numbers of mature neurons
Lieberman et al., 2018 Alcohol Use Disorder – Forebrain-type excitatory glutamate neurons
  • -

    Immunocytochemistry

  • -

    RT-qPCR

  • -

    Patch-clamp

 21 day alcohol exposure
  • -

    GABRD increased in AUD-derived cells

  • -

    No effect of acute or chronic EtOH on GABA-evoked currents
Oni et al 2015 Nicotine Dependence CHRNA5
(rs16969968)		 Dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurons
  • -

    RT-qPCR

  • -

    RNAseq

  • -

    Immunocytochemistry

  • -

    Patch-clamp

 Acute nicotine
  • -

    Asn398 neurons respond to nicotine with increased EPSC

  • -

    Faster desensitization in glutamatergic but not dopaminergic neurons
Deflorio et al., 2017 Nicotine Dependence CHRNA5
(rs16969968)		 Dopaminergic neurons
  • -

    Immunocytochemistry

  • -

    RT-PCR

  • -

    Single cell RT-qPCR

  • -

    Patch-clamp

 Acute nicotine & Acetylcholine
  • -

    Decreased sensitivity to nicotinic receptor agonists in with Asn398
Mertens et al., 2015b Bipolar Disorder – Hippocampal DF-like neurons
  • -

    Immunocytochemistry

  • -

    RNA-seq

  • -

    RT-qPCR

  • -

    Patch-clamp

  • -

    Flow cytometry mitochondrial analysis

 Lithium
  • -

    Enhanced mitochondrial function in bipolar patient derived neurons;

  • -

    Hyperexcitability in bipolar patient-derived neurons restored by lithium treatment in cells from lithium-responders
Stern et al., 2017 Bipolar Disorder – Hippocampal DG-like neurons
  • -

    Immunocytochemistry

  • -

    Patch-clamp

 Lithium
  • -

    Treatment with lithium reduced hyper excitability in Li-responder group
Brennand et al., 2011 Schizophrenia – Mixed population of forebrain lineage neurons
  • -

    Immunocytochemistry

  • -

    Trans-neuronal rabies virus tracing

  • -

    RT-qPCR

  • -

    CNV analysis

 Loxapine
  • -

    Differential expression of 596 unique genes

  • -

    deficits in synaptic connectivity partially ameliorated by Loxapine
Toyoshima et al., 2016 Schizophrenia 22q11.2; DCGR8 Forebrain-like neurospheres
  • -

    miRNA array

  • -

    RT-qPCR

  • -

    Immunocytochemistry

  • -

    Western Blot

  • -

    Neurite outgrowth / cell migration

 –
  • -

    Dysregulated balance of glio/neurogenic competence observed in schizophrenia-patient-derived neurospheres
Lin et al., 2016 Schizophrenia 22q11.2 Mixed population of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons
  • -

    RNAseq

  • -

    RT-qPCR

 –
  • -

    Subnetworks disrupted by 22q11.2 deletions identified: CD45-mediated (embryonic development) and PRODH-mediated (adolescence)
Liao et al., 2016 Alzheimer’s Disease APP Mixed population forebrain lineage neurons
  • -

    RNAseq

  • -

    Live marker staining in microengraved nanowells

  • -

    secreted sAPPα and Aβ detection

 –
  • -

    Identified cells secreting sAPPα but not Aβ, GABAergic enrichment of cells secreting high levels of both, and significant competence of astrocytes to secrete Aβ
Raja et al., 2016 Alzheimer’s Disease APP; PSEN1 Cortical organoids
  • -

    Immunocytochemistry

  • -

    ELISA

 β and γ secretase inhibitors
  • -

    Treatment with β and γ secretase inhibitors reduced amyloid and tau pathology
Huang et al., 2017 Alzheimer’s Disease APOE Mixed population forebrain lineage neurons
  • -

    Western Blot

  • -

    Immunocytochemistry

  • -

    Immunosorbent Aβ assay

 suppression of gene expression with CRISPR
  • -

    APOE secreted by glia stimulated neuronal Aβ production, with E2 isoform having the least potency

  • -

    Identified pathway of ApoE receptor binding regulating APP transcription
Wang et al. 2018 Alzheimer’s Disease APOE
  • -

    Mixed population forebrain lineage neurons

  • -

    MGE-like GABAergic neurons

  • -

    Astrocytes
  • -

    Flow cytometry

  • -

    Immunocytochemistry

  • -

    Aβ40/42 secretion measurement
  • -

    Zinc-finger editing to generate isogenic lines

  • -

    PH002 drug
  • -

    Toxic gain of function of APOE4 corrected by small molecule PH002