Table 2.
Comparison of African American sexual minority and heterosexual adults aged 20-59 years on HIV and STIs, mental health, alcohol use, smoking behaviors, and drug use, NHANES 2001–2014 (N=4,502)
| Outcome measure | Total sample | Men | Women | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||
| Heterosexual | Sexual minority | p-value | Heterosexual | Sexual minority | p-value | Heterosexual | Sexual minority | p-value | |
|
| |||||||||
| N=4,292 (95.3%) |
N=210 (4.7%) |
N=2,124 (96.8%) |
N=72 (3.3%) |
N=2,168 (94.0%) |
N=138 (6.1%) |
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|
| |||||||||
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | ||||
| HIV and STIs (biomarkers) | |||||||||
| HIV antibodya | 39 (1.2) | 29 (13.8) | <0.0001 | 17 (1.0) | 28 (42.4) | <0.0001 | 22 (1.3) | 1 (0.8) | 0.63 |
| Urine chlamydia (age 20-39) | 97 (4.6) | 3 (2.1) | 0.15 | 50 (4.7) | 0 | 0.13 | 47 (4.5) | 3 (3.1) | 0.49 |
| HSV-2 (age 20-49) | 1311 (45.0) | 85 (49.1) | 0.23 | 467 (32.1) | 24 (42.3) | 0.02 | 844 (56.5) | 61 (52.3) | 0.37 |
| Hep C antibody (2001–2012) | 107 (2.9) | 9 (5.5) | 0.06 | 68 (3.8) | 3 (4.8) | 0.70 | 39 (2.1) | 6 (5.8) | 0.02 |
| STIs and HIV testing behavior (self-reported) | |||||||||
| Ever told you had an STIb | 435 (10.9) | 32 (16.0) | 0.04 | 140 (7.0) | 14 (21.4) | <0.0001 | 295 (14.3) | 18 (13.5) | 0.81 |
| Ever told you had gonorrhea | 50 (1.1) | 6 (3.0) | 0.03 | 28 (1.4) | 3 (4.1) | 0.07 | 22 (0.9) | 3 (2.5) | 0.09 |
| Ever told you had chlamydia | 89 (2.2) | 10 (4.6) | 0.03 | 33 (1.7) | 3 (4.6) | 0.09 | 56 (2.7) | 7 (4.6) | 0.19 |
| Ever told you had genital herpes | 213 (5.4) | 12 (6.3) | 0.63 | 59 (3.0) | 4 (5.9) | 0.19 | 154 (7.6) | 8 (6.5) | 0.66 |
| Ever told you had genital warts | 146 (3.6) | 13 (6.3) | 0.07 | 39 (1.8) | 8 (12.3) | <0.0001 | 107 (5.1) | 5 (3.6) | 0.42 |
| Ever tested for HIV | 2596 (60.7) | 154 (73.6) | 0.0001 | 1227 (57.3) | 59 (82.5) | <0.0001 | 1369 (63.7) | 95 (69.3) | 0.17 |
| Mental health (self-reported) | |||||||||
| > 15 days of poor mental health in past 30 days (2001–2012) | 372 (10.3) | 30 (19.2) | <0.001 | 141 (7.6) | 4 (7.6) | 0.99 | 231 (12.7) | 26 (24.8) | 0.001 |
| Alcohol, smoking and drug use (self-reported) | |||||||||
| Average number of drinks per day in the past year (mean, SE) | 2.20 (0.06) | 2.58 (0.19) | 0.06 | 2.85 (0.10) | 2.24 (0.18) | <0.01 | 1.60 (0.05) | 2.74 (0.26) | <0.001 |
| Ever heavy alcohol userc | 551 (12.5) | 38 (17.7) | 0.02 | 407 (18.9) | 9 (11.7) | 0.12 | 144 (6.8) | 29 (20.4) | <0.0001 |
| Smoked 100+ cigarettes in lifetime | 1661 (37.7) | 106 (50.6) | <0.001 | 1001 (46.5) | 33 (45.3) | 0.85 | 660 (29.7) | 73 (53.1) | <0.0001 |
| Current smoking status | <0.0001 | 0.87 | <0.0001 | ||||||
| Current smoker | 1174 (26.8) | 87 (42.5) | 728 (33.8) | 24 (34.7) | 446 (20.5) | 63 (46.0) | |||
| Former smoker | 486 (10.8) | 19 (8.2) | 272 (12.7) | 9 (10.6) | 214 (9.2) | 10 (7.1) | |||
| Never smoker | 2630 (62.3) | 103 (49.4) | 1122 (53.5) | 38 (54.7) | 1508 (70.3) | 65 (46.9) | |||
| Ever used marijuana or hashish (2005–2014) | 1833 (58.0) | 133 (72.1) | <0.001 | 1069 (69.2) | 43 (64.9) | 0.51 | 764 (48.0) | 90 (75.9) | <0.0001 |
| Ever used cocaine, heroin, or methamphetamine (2005–2014) | 446 (13.5) | 44 (23.5) | <0.001 | 302 (18.9) | 15 (22.3) | 0.56 | 144 (8.6) | 29 (24.2) | <0.0001 |
| Ever injected drugs (2005–2014) | 44 (1.3) | 9 (5.0) | <0.0001 | 33 (2.1) | 3 (4.7) | 0.03 | 11 (0.7) | 6 (5.1) | <0.0001 |
Includes respondents aged 20-59 from 2009–2014 and respondents aged 20-49 from 2001–2008
Includes self-reporting lifetime diagnoses for gonorrhea, chlamydia, genital herpes, and genital warts
For 2001–2010, heavy alcohol user was defined as having 5 or more drinks almost every day for both males and females. For 2011–2014, heavy alcohol user was defined as having 5 or more drinks almost every day for males and 4 or more drinks almost every day for females.
Note: HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; STI: sexually transmitted infection; HSV-2: herpes simplex virus type 2; Hep C: hepatitis C. Percentages (%) are based on distributions that do not include missing data. Bolded values are statistically significant at the 0.05 level.