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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ethn Health. 2018 Mar 3;25(5):653–664. doi: 10.1080/13557858.2018.1444149

Table 3.

Adjusted multiple regressions for the adjusted odds of HIV and STIs, mental health, alcohol use, smoking behaviors, and drug use among African American sexual minority and heterosexual adults, NHANES 2001–2014 (N=4,502)

Outcome measure Sexual minority respondents
vs
Heterosexual respondents (ref)		 Sexual minority men
vs
Heterosexual men (ref)		 Sexual minority women
vs
Heterosexual women (ref)
AOR (95% CI) p-value AOR (95% CI) p-value AOR (95% CI) p-value
HIV and STIs (biomarkers)
 HIV antibodya 12.62 (7.02, 22.70) <0.001 117.15 (34.78, 394.65) <0.001 0.49 (0.08, 3.15) 0.45
 Urine chlamydia (age 20-39) 0.42 (0.13, 1.34) 0.14 (empty) 0.49 (0.15, 1.57) 0.23
 HSV-2 (age 20-49) 1.40 (1.01, 1.94) 0.05 2.24 (1.37, 3.66) 0.001 0.92 (0.61, 1.40) 0.70
 Hep C antibody (2001–2012) 3.10 (1.35, 7.15) <0.01 2.87 (0.67, 12.31) 0.16 4.72 (1.67, 13.33) <0.01
STIs and HIV testing behavior (self-reported)
 Ever told you had an STIa 1.25 (0.78, 2.00) 0.35 3.38 (1.60, 7.13) <0.01 0.71 (0.40, 1.28) 0.25
 Ever told you had gonorrhea 1.90 (0.77, 4.69) 0.16 2.24 (0.52, 9.61) 0.28 2.11 (0.62, 7.16) 0.23
 Ever told you had chlamydia 1.47 (0.75, 2.86) 0.26 2.49 (0.65, 9.61) 0.18 1.12 (0.47, 2.66) 0.80
 Ever told you had genital herpes 1.09 (0.56, 2.15) 0.80 2.53 (0.69, 9.27) 0.16 0.71 (0.31, 1.63) 0.42
 Ever told you had genital warts 1.50 (0.74, 3.05) 0.26 9.13 (3.29, 25.37) <0.001 0.50 (0.18, 1.41) 0.19
 Ever tested for HIV 1.64 (1.19, 2.25) <0.01 3.80 (1.98, 7.26) <0.001 1.01 (0.68, 1.49) 0.97
Mental health (self-reported)
 > 15 days of poor mental health in past 30 days (2001–2012) 2.10 (1.33, 3.33) <0.01 1.04 (0.44, 2.50) 0.92 2.30 (1.34, 3.95) <0.01
Alcohol, smoking and drug use (self-reported)
 Average number of drinks per day in the past year (AIRR)c 1.09 (0.94, 1.27) 0.24 0.79 (0.66, 0.95) 0.01 1.46 (1.20, 1.78) <0.001
 Ever heavy alcohol userd 1.73 (1.18, 2.52) <0.01 0.77 (0.36, 1.65) 0.49 3.23 (1.80, 5.79) <0.001
 Smoked 100+ cigarettes in lifetime 2.12 (1.53, 2.94) <0.001 1.51 (0.86, 2.66) 0.15 2.99 (2.00, 4.46) <0.001
 Current smoking status (RRR)e
  Current smoker 2.30 (1.65, 3.19) <0.001 1.51 (0.80, 2.84) 0.20 3.32 (2.19, 5.02) <0.001
  Former smoker 1.59 (0.87, 2.89) 0.13 1.58 (0.70, 3.57) 0.26 1.95 (0.89, 4.29) 0.09
  Never smoker (base) (base) (base)
 Ever used marijuana or hashish (2005–2014) 1.69 (1.18, 2.41) <0.01 0.83 (0.45, 1.50) 0.52 2.81 (1.79, 4.42) <0.001
 Ever used cocaine, heroin, or methamphetamine (2005–2014) 2.97 (1.90, 4.64) <0.001 1.87 (0.75, 4.66) 0.17 4.96 (2.84, 8.66) <0.001
 Ever injected drugs (2005–2014) 5.69 (2.91, 11.12) <0.001 3.99 (1.44, 11.01) <0.01 9.84 (3.30, 29.37) <0.001
a

Includes respondents aged 20-59 from 2009–2014 and respondents aged 20-49 from 2001–2008

b

Includes self-reporting lifetime diagnoses for gonorrhea, chlamydia, genital herpes, and genital warts

c

AIRR based on Poisson regression

d

For 2001–2010, heavy alcohol user was defined as having 5 or more drinks almost every day for both males and females. For 2011–2014, heavy alcohol user was defined as having 5 or more drinks almost every day for males and 4 or more drinks almost every day for females.

e

RRR=relative risk ratio. A multinomial model was used for current smoking status, with ‘never smoker’ as the base.

Note: All models were adjusted for age, survey wave, educational attainment, employment status, relationship status, citizenship status, and family income. All data were weighted to account for complex survey design. Bolded values are statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ORs are based on distributions that do not include missing data. HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; STI: sexually transmitted infection; HSV-2: herpes simplex virus type 2; Hep C: hepatitis C; AIRR: adjusted incidence rate ratio.