Table 2.
Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) implicated in Alcoholism and Neurological Diseases
| TLR | Foreign Immunogen | Endogenous TLR Ligand |
Neuropsychiatric Disease |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | Bacterial di- and tri-aceylated polypeptides[68] Gram (+) lipoglyans[69] | α-synuclein[70] | Alcoholism Parkinson’s Disease [70] |
| 3 | dsRNA | Stathmin[71] | Alzheimer’s Disease [72] Multiple Sclerosis [71] |
| 4 | Bacterial endotoxin Peptidoglycans | HMGB1[73] HSPs 60, 70/72[52] | Alcoholism [74] Cocaine Abuse Stroke, Traumatic Brain Injury Chronic Pain |
| 7 | ssRNA[75] | miRNAs let-7[64] and miR-21[76] | Alcoholism [77] Alzheimer’s Disease [64] Chronic Pain [78] |