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. 2018 Sep 3;9:3572. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05580-z

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Structural, optical and wettability characteristics of the samples. a XRD patterns of b-Si (black), c-TiO₂/b-Si (pink), b1-TiO₂/b-Si (Cambridge blue) and b2-TiO₂/b-Si (dark green). The standard XRD patterns for anatase TiO₂ (red rhombus), rutile TiO₂ (tan star) and Ti₃O₅ (purple triangle) are shown at the bottom (JCPDS, No. 02–0387, 03–1122 and 23–0606), separately. b EPR spectra of c-TiO₂/b-Si (pink dot), b1-TiO₂/b-Si (Cambridge blue dash) and b2-TiO₂/b-Si (green line) at room temperature. c The measured total hemispherical optical reflectance of all samples in air. The inset shows the optical absorption coefficient as a function of the incident photon energy for indirect allowed transition for b2-TiO₂/b-Si. d Photographs of the spherical water droplets with changeable CAs before and after c-TiO₂/b-Si, b1-TiO₂/b-Si and b2-TiO₂/b-Si were exposed to UV-visible light irradiation for 30 min, respectively