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. 2018 Sep 3;8:13156. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-31584-2

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of acute TSA. (A) Voltage records in response to hyperpolarizing steps after SB + TTX (black record) and following TSA (20 min; 1 μM, red record) showing the increase in resistance induced by acute TSA exposure. (B) Ramp-induced oscillations after SB + TTX (black record) as previously reported for PPN neurons and effects of acute TSA exposure (20 min; 1 μM, red record) showing elimination of fast oscillations and decreased amplitude of oscillations. (C) Representative plots of power spectrum over time for acute TSA (1 μM) bath application. (D) Ramp-induced oscillations in a representative PPN cell showing low amplitude, low frequency oscillations in the presence of SB + TTX after prolonged exposure to TSA (120 min; left side record).