Fig. 1.

Behavioral tasks and example inactivation results from FEF and SC. a Visually guided saccade task used to assess changes in saccade metrics caused by FEF or SC inactivation. Monkeys made a saccade to a peripheral target after a 1–2 s delay. b Motion-change detection task used to test how inactivation altered covert spatial attention. During maintained fixation, monkeys released a joystick when the direction of motion changed in either of two motion patches presented in the periphery. c Muscimol inactivation of SC caused a localized increase in saccade latencies. Color scale indicates the saccade latencies made to different locations across the visual field, indicated by black dots. White circles indicate the locations of the motion patches in the attention task; white numerals show the average latencies of saccades made to locations that fell within the two patches. d Muscimol inactivation of the FEF caused similar increases in saccade latencies. See Supplementary Figure 1 for localization of FEF sites. e Psychometric performance before (green) and during (blue) inactivation of SC during one experimental session, when the motion change took place inside the affected portion of the visual field. Colored circles indicate hit rates with 95% CI. Circles with “X” indicate thresholds, defined as the magnitude of stimulus change corresponding to 75% of the signal-driven range in performance—i.e., omitting response bias (lower asymptote) and lapse rate (upper asymptote). Error bars indicate 95% CI. f Psychometric performance before and during inactivation of the FEF during one experimental session, when the motion change took place inside the affected portion of the visual field. g Psychometric performance before and during SC inactivation from same session as in e, when changes occurred outside the affected region. h Psychometric performance before and during FEF inactivation from the same session as in f, when changes occurred outside the affected region. i Summary of eight inactivation experiments in SC (red) and FEF (purple), plotting thresholds during inactivation against thresholds before inactivation, for motion-direction changes inside the affected region of the visual field. Error bars indicate 95% CI. j Summary of changes in thresholds when motion-direction changes occurred outside the affected region. The brain images in this figure were originally created by the authors for their Nature 2012 doi: 10.1038/nature11497 paper. All rights reserved