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. 2018 Aug 28;9:1198. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01198

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Insulin and AMPK signaling in skeletal muscle over 24 h. Mice had access to a running wheel for 3 weeks and were then sacrificed every third hour for 24 h for tissue collection. Activity of signaling pathways regulating insulin- and exercise-induced glucose uptake were analyzed in gastrocnemius muscle by measurement of total protein and the phosphorylation status of proteins involved in metabolic regulation. Protein levels of (A) total AKT, (B) AKT-pT308, (C) AKT-pS473, (D) total TBC1D1, (E) TBC1D1-pT590, (F) TBC1D1-pS231, (G) total TBC1D4, (H) TBC1D4-pS711, (I) TBC1D4-pT642, (J) HK2, (K) GLUT4, (L) GSK3β-pS9, (M) p70-S6 kinase-p, (N) total AMPK, (O) AMPK-pT172, and (P) ACC-p. (Q) Representative Western blots for data shown in A–P. Data shown are means + SEM for n = 6–8. ∗p < 0.05 from ZT 1, 1-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s correction.