. 2018 Aug 28;9:710. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00710

Table 1.

Clinical characteristics and findings of the NC, early AD, mild AD and mod. AD in the female group.

	NC	Early AD	Mild AD	Mod. AD	Differences (p-value)
No. of subjects	37	50	58	75
Age (years)	81.1 ± 4.8	81.2 ± 5.1	82.9 ± 5.2	82.6 ± 5.9
Educatrion (years)	12.6 ± 2.5	12.4 ± 2.3	11.6 ± 2.4	11.3 ± 2.2	NC > Mo.d AD (^), Mod. AD (^), Early AD >Mod. AD (^)
MMSE score	27.3 ± 2.3	25.0 ± 1.0	22.0 ± 0.9	17.4 ± 2.4	NC > Early AD (^**) > Mild AD (^) > Mod. AD (^**)
Charlson comorbidity index	0.47 ± 0.51	1.48 ± 0.61	1.79 ± 0.67	1.71 ± 0.63	NC > Early AD (^**), Mild AD (^), Mod. AD (^*) Early AD < Mild AD (^), Mod. AD (^*)
BMI (kg/m²)	22.8 ± 3.0	22.6 ± 2.6	22.8 ± 3.6	21.5 ± 3.7	Mild AD > Mod. AD (^*)
SMI (kg/m²⁾	5.76 ± 0.73	5.69 ± 0.58	5.62 ± 0.82	5.26 ± 0.65	NC (^*), Early AD (^), Mild AD (^**) > Mod. AD
UPPER EXTREMITY
Handgrip strength (kg)	20.1 ± 3.3	17.4 ± 3.7	16.9 ± 3.7	15.8 ± 3.8	NC (^) > Early AD (^), Mild AD (^**), Mod. AD (^*) Early AD > Mod. AD (^)
Arm muscle mass (kg)	1.47 ± 0.24	1.47 ± 0.24	1.42 ± 0.33	1.28 ± 0.26	NC (^*), Early AD (^), Mild AD (^*) > Mod. AD
LOWER EXTREMITY
Leg strength (kg)	21.7 ± 4.7	17.3 ± 4.9	16.8 ± 5.1	15.1 ± 5.3	NC (^) > Early AD (^), Mild AD (^**), Mod. AD (^*) Early AD > Mod. AD (^)
Leg muscle mass (kg)	5.00 ± 0.74	4.92 ± 0.79	4.72 ± 0.87	4.47 ± 0.65	NC (^*), Early AD (^), Mild AD (^*) > Mod. AD
Gait speed (m/s)	1.08 ± 0.18	0.97 ± 0.19	0.93 ± 0.18	0.90 ± 0.19	NC > Early AD (^), Mild AD (^), Mod. AD (^) Early AD > Mod. AD (^)
Prevalence of sacropenia (%)	4 (11%)	18 (36%)	26 (45%)	45 (60%)	NC < Early AD (^), Mild AD (^), Mod. AD (^**) Early AD > Mod. AD (^)

NC: Normal cognition, AD: Alzheimer disease, Mod. moderate, MMSE: Mini-mental state examination; BMI: Body mass index, SMI: Skeletal muscle mass index

p < 0.05,

^**

p < 0.01,

^***

p < 0.001,

^****

p < 0.0001.