Table 1.
Patient Characteristics
| Classification | ABx name | ABx therapy duration, d | Indication | Fold increase in PA | Diarrhea (after ABx) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fluoroquinolone (+Imidazole) | Levofloxacin | 7 | Bronchitis | 7.57 | No |
| Levofloxacin | 7 | Bronchitis | 0.30 | No | |
| Levofloxacin | 7 | Bronchitis | 3.04 | No | |
| Levofloxacin | 7 | Bronchitis | 2.35 | No | |
| Levofloxacin | 7 | Bronchitis | 5.50 | No | |
| Levofloxacin | 7 | Bronchitis | 1.83 | No | |
| Ciprofloxacin | 7 | UC | 13.59 | No | |
| Levofloxacin | 7 | Bronchitis | 0.32 | No | |
| Levofloxacin+metronidazole | 7 | Clostridium difficile infection | 8.27 | No | |
| β-Lactam | Amoxicillin+clavulanate | 7 | Bacteremia | 12.74 | No |
| Amoxicillin+clavulanate | 7 | Bronchitis | 0.96 | No | |
| Amoxicillin+clavulanate | 7 | Bacteremia | 1.43 | No | |
| Amoxicillin+clavulanate | 7 | Bronchitis | 1.02 | No | |
| Amoxicillin+clavulanate | 7 | Urinary infection | 2.23 | No | |
| Amoxicillin+clavulanate | 7 | Bronchitis | 0.26 | No | |
| Amoxicillin+clavulanate | 7 | Bronchitis | 0.37 | No | |
| Cephalosporin (+macrolide) | Azithromycin | 2 | CD | 6.10 | No |
| Ceftriaxone+azithromycin | 7 | Pneumonia | 0.41 | No | |
| Ceftriaxone+azithromycin | 7 | Bronchitis | 1.29 | No | |
| Ceftriaxone | 7 | Urinary infection | 0.51 | No | |
| Rifamycin | Rifaximin | 3 | IBS | 10.49 | No |
| Rifaximin | 3 | IBS | 0.34 | No | |
| Rifaximin | 3 | IBS | 0.45 | No | |
| Rifaximin | 3 | IBS | 2.49 | No | |
| Rifaximin | 3 | IBS | 2.17 | No | |
| Rifaximin | 3 | IBS | 0.82 | Yes | |
| Rifaximin | 3 | IBS | 0.77 | No | |
| Rifaximin | 3 | IBS | 1.85 | No | |
| Rifaximin | 3 | IBS | 0.92 | Yes | |
| Rifaximin | 3 | IBS | 0.73 | Yes | |
| Rifaximin | 3 | IBS | 0.64 | Yes | |
| Rifaximin | 3 | IBS | 5.36 | No |
ABx, antibiotic; CD, Crohn’s disease; IBS, inflammatory bowel syndrome; PA, protease activity; UC, ulcerative colitis.