3-NP	3-nitropropionic acid
AD	Alzheimer’s disease
ALS	amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
APP	amyloid precursor protein
ASD	autism spectrum disorders
BBB	blood-brain barrier
BDNF	brain-derived neurotrophic factor
BMP	bone morphogenetic protein
BrdU	5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine
CK1	casein kinase 1
CNS	central nervous system
DG	dentate gyrus
DS	Down syndrome
ECS	electroconvulsive seizure
EGCG	epigallocatechin-3-gallate
EPO	erythropoietin
FU	Fused
Gas1	growth arrest-specific gene 1
Gli	glioma-associated oncogene homolog
GSK3	glycogen synthase kinase-3
GSH-PX	glutathione peroxidase
H2O2	hydrogen peroxide
HAND	human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorder
HD	Huntington’s disease
Hh	hedgehog gene
HI	hypoxia ischemia
IL-1β	interleukin-1β
KA	kainic acid
LC-3	microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain-3
LPS	lipopolysaccharide
MBMECs	murine brain microvascular endothelial cells
MCAO	middle cerebral artery occlusion
MDA	malondialdehyde
MMP-9	matrix metalloproteinase-9
MS	multiple sclerosis
Mtb	mycobacterium tuberculosis
NO	nitric oxide
NPCs	neural progenitor cells
NSCs	neural stem cells
OGD	oxygen glucose deprivation
PD	Parkinson’s disease
ONOO−	peroxynitrite anion
oxLDL	oxidized low-density lipoprotein
PD	Parkinson’s disease
PKA	protein kinase A
Ptch	Patched
PUR	purmorphamine
RMS	rostral migratory stream
RNS	reactive nitrogen species
ROS	reactive oxygen species
SAG	smoothened agonist
SAH	subarachnoid hemorrhage
SGZ	subgranular zone
Shh	sonic hedgehog
Shh-N	N-terminal fragment of Shh
SMCs	smooth muscle cells
Smo	smoothened
SODs	superoxide dismutases
SUFU	suppressor of FU
SVZ	subventricular zone
TBI	traumatic brain injury
TJP	tight junction protein
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor-α
UCBMC	umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells
VEGF	vascular endothelial growth factor