Table 5.
Characteristics of the heavy ion beams.
| Energy (MeV/n) a | LET (keV/µm) | Penetration Depth (µm) | Accelerator | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ion Species | Beam | on Target b | in H2O | ||
| Carbon (12C) | 400.0 | 400.0 | 10.0 | 272,900 | HIMAC |
| Carbon (13C) | 75.0 | 71.4 | 34.2 | 15,120 | GANIL |
| Silicon (28Si) | 490.0 | 490.0 | 55.0 | 161,300 | HIMAC |
| Titanium (48Ti) | 1000.0 | 996.9 | 107.7 | 319,900 | GSI |
| Nickel (58Ni) | 1000.0 | 996.9 | 174.5 | 263,600 | GSI |
| Argon (36Ar) | 95.0 | 83.8 | 271.5 | 6336 | GANIL |
a Mega-electron-Volt/nucleon. b Effective irradiation energy at the cell monolayer. For GANIL beam times energy losses occur in two detectors, the exit window, ~1 cm air and the bottom of the culture vessel (1200 µm polystyrene or 25 µm polytetrafluoroethylene foil). For GSI and HIMAC beams energy losses are marginal (only from bottom of the culture vessel).