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. 2018 Aug 1;19(8):2261. doi: 10.3390/ijms19082261

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Schematic description of the “inhibitory cytokine synergy” of TGF-β3 and IL-10 in activated B cells. Phosphorylation of S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) and expression of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF1α), which is a downstream signaling of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), are suppressed by a combination of the inhibitory cytokines TGF-β3 and IL-10. ICS further suppresses B cell cellular energetic metabolism, such as glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Arrows, positive regulation; T-bar, negative regulation.