Table 1.
Differences between breakfast skippers and breakfast eaters in health-related quality of life (HRQOL), perceived stress and depression.
| Breakfast | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Skippers | Eaters | Differences between Groups | Cohen’s d | |
| n = 140 | n = 387 | |||
| HRQOL | ||||
| Physical Well-being | 18.47 ± 3.43 | 17.90 ± 4.05 | t(525) = 1.468, p = 0.143 |
0.11 |
| Psychological Well-being | 23.55 ± 4.70 | 23.25 ± 4.84 | t(525) = 0.626, p = 0.532 |
0.05 |
| Moods and Emotions | 27.63 ± 5.72 | 26.49 ± 5.81 | t(525) = 1.996, p = 0.046 |
0.17 |
| Self-Perception | 19.92 ± 3.49 | 19.33 ± 3.49 | t(525) = 1.727, p = 0.085 |
0.15 |
| Autonomy | 19.38 ± 3.76 | 18.87 ± 4.39 | t(285.426) = 1.311, p = 0.191 |
0.15 |
| Parent Relations and Home Life | 25.37 ± 4.55 | 24.41 ± 4.97 | t(525) = 2, p = 0.046 |
0.17 |
| Financial Resources | 12.04 ± 2.69 | 11.85 ± 2.92 | t(525) = 0.664, p = 0.507 |
0.05 |
| Social Support and Peers | 25.17 ± 3.72 | 25.01 ± 4.16 | t(525) = 0.384, p = 0.701 |
0.03 |
| School Environment | 21.95 ± 4.51 | 21.19 ± 4.52 | t(525) = 1.689, p = 0.092 |
0.14 |
| Social Acceptance | 13.30 ± 2.14 | 13.16 ± 2.26 | t(525) = 0.623, p = 0.534 |
0.05 |
| Total HRQOL | 39.42 ± 4.73 | 38.19 ± 6.13 | t(316.965) = 2.413, p = 0.016 |
0.27 |
| Perceived stress | 8.45 ± 2.38 | 9.11 ± 2.75 | t(525) = −2.503, p = 0.013 |
0.21 |
| Depression | 17.52 ± 3.01 | 18.09 ± 3.34 | t(525) = −1.748, p = 0.081 |
0.15 |