| CM | two-year consecutively monocultured soil |
| NP | newly planted soil (one-year cultured soil) |
| T-RFLP | terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism |
| PLFA | phospholipid fatty acid |
| ORF | open reading frame |
| KEGG | Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes |
| eggNOG | Evolutionary genealogy of genes: Non-supervised Orthologous Groups |
| KO | KEGG ortholog group |
| PCA | principal component analysis |
| PC1 | the first principal component |
| PC2 | the second principal component |
| UPGMA | unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean |
| SRA | Short Read Archive |
| nrGC | non-redundant gene catalogue |
| LCA | lowest common ancestor-based algorithm |
| COG | cluster of orthologous groups of proteins |
| FDR | false discovery rate |