Table 1.
Summary of PAR1-medicated signaling pathways that regulate Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), tumor progression, and angiogenesis/barrier function in solid tumors.
| PAR1 | Canonical/Non-Canonical | Signaling Pathways | Function | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breast Cancer | Canonical/noncanonical | HMGA2/EMT | EMT/metastasis | [41] |
| Breast Cancer | NF-κB/miR-17/E-cadherin | EMT | [42] | |
| Cancer Stem Cell | Twist/Hippo pathway/TAZ | EMT | [43] | |
| Breast Cancer | Noncanonical | Akt/E-cadherin/vimentin | Metastasis | [4] |
| Breast Cancer | Canonical | plekstrin homology (PH)-Akt/Etk/Bmx/Vav3 | Cell invasion | [44] |
| Basal-like breast carcinoma | α-arrestin (ARRDC3)/JNK | Cell invasion | [45] | |
| Gastric cancer | ALEX1/Rho GTPase | Tumor progression | [46] | |
| Breast Cancer | Canonical | Tpl2/Rac1/FAK | Migration | [47] |
| U373MG glioblastoma | Canonical | PLD/RhoA/Rap1A/β1 integrin/FAK/ERK | Proliferation, tumor growth | [48] |
| Breast Cancer | Noncanonical | |||
| Lung Cancer | VEGF | Angiogenesis | [5] | |
| Ovarian cancer | Noncanonical | CXCR1/2 | Angiogenesis | [7] |
| Endothelial cells | Canonical | Ca2+/Na+/Ca2+ exchange/ROS/ERK1,2 | Angiogenesis/barrier function | [49] |
| HEp3 epidermoid carcinoma | Noncanonical | Tumor MMP-1 | Dissemination/vascular permeability metastatic | [50] |
| Colon Cancer | Canonical | fibrinogen, stromal PAR1 | Disseminated growth | [51] |