| MSCs | mesenchymal stem cells |
| TRAIL | tumour necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand |
| CSCs | cancer stem cells |
| IL | interleukin |
| IFN | interferon |
| NSCLC | non-small cell lung cancer |
| mTOR | mammalian target of rapamycin |
| HDAC | histone deacetylases |
| BCL-2 | B-cell lymphoma 2 |
| ABCG2 | ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 |
| ALDH1 | aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 |
| PARP | poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase |
| cFLIP | cellular FLICE (FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein |
| XIAP | X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein |
| SAHA | suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid |
| shRNA | short hairpin RNA |
| RNAi | RNA interference |
| VEGF | vascular endothelial growth factor |
| PDGF | platelet-derived growth factor |
| FGF | fibroblast growth factors |
| IGF-1 | Insulin-like growth factor 1 |
| TGF-β | transforming growth factor beta |
| IDO | indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase |
| HGF | hepatocyte growth factor |
| EGF | epidermal growth factor |
| WNT | proto-oncogene protein |
| Cas | caspase |
| FADD | fas-associated protein with death domain |
| BID | BH3 interacting-domain death agonist |
| P53 | tumor protein |
| Apaf-1 | apoptotic protease activating factor 1 |