Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of participants.
| Characteristics | Male | Female | Total | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of subjects | 256 | 407 | 663 | |
| Age [(years (mean ± SD)] a | 42.4 (23.0) | 45.9 (26.7) | 44.5 (25.4) | 0.3710 |
| BMI [(kg/m2(mean ± SD)] a | 23.7 (3.7) | 21.7 (3.6) | 22.5 (3.8) | <0.0001 |
| Smoking [no. (%)] b | <0.0001 | |||
| Yes (%) | 102 (39.8) | 41 (10.1) | 143 (21.6) | |
| No (%) | 154 (60.2) | 366 (89.9) | 520 (78.4) | |
| Alcohol drinking [no. (%)] b | <0.0001 | |||
| Yes (%) | 51 (19.9) | 18 (4.4) | 69 (10.4) | |
| No (%) | 205 (80.1) | 389 (95.6) | 594 (89.6) | |
| Tea consumption [no. (%)] b | 0.4774 | |||
| Yes (%) | 161 (62.9) | 267 (65.6) | 428 (64.6) | |
| No (%) | 95 (37.1) | 140 (34.4) | 235 (35.4) | |
| Coffee consumption [no. (%)] b | 0.0697 | |||
| Yes (%) | 84 (32.8) | 162 (39.8) | 246 (37.1) | |
| No (%) | 172 (67.2) | 245 (60.2) | 417 (62.9) | |
| Salt intake [no. (%)] b | 0.0309 | |||
| High (%) | 75 (29.3) | 89 (21.9) | 164 (24.7) | |
| Low (%) | 181 (70.7) | 318 (78.1) | 499 (75.3) | |
| Regular exercise [no. (%)] b | <0.0001 | |||
| Yes (%) | 147 (57.4) | 166 (40.8) | 313 (47.2) | |
| No (%) | 109 (42.6) | 241 (59.2) | 350 (52.8) | |
| Family history of hypertension [no. (%)] b | 0.2861 | |||
| Yes (%) | 76 (29.7) | 137 (33.7) | 213 (32.1) | |
| No (%) | 180 (70.3) | 270 (66.3) | 450 (67.9) | |
SD, standard deviation; a Wilcoxon rank sum test of difference between male and female; b Chi-square test of difference between male and female. BMI—body mass index.