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. 2017 May 3;1(1):26–39. doi: 10.1002/evl3.3

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© 2017 The Author(s). Evolution Letters published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society for the Study of Evolution (SSE) and European Society for Evolutionary Biology (ESEB).

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Genetically based clines in four functional traits measured over three growing seasons for the 2011 cohort planted into the low elevation garden: (A) Carbon isotope discrimination (integrated water‐use efficiency, WUE), (B) specific leaf area, (C) height at flowering, and (D) flowering phenology. Data points represent family‐level averages for these heritable traits. Lines depict the shape of the association between source elevation and trait values (only shown for significant relationships after correction for multiple tests). Inset panels reflect seasons in which we found no significant genetic clines. Figure S1 presents genetically based clines for the 2012 cohort. The color coding represents calculated Aridity Index based on climatic data extracted from WorldClim, ranging from arid low elevation populations (red) to less arid high elevation populations (blue).