Figure 2.

Frequency of endosymbiont‐induced parthenogenesis. Yes: sexual reproduction can be restored via antibiotic treatment and/or after exposure to heat. No: sexual reproduction cannot be restored and is not caused by endosymbionts. Unclear: only circumstantial evidence points to endosymbionts (e.g. only PCR screening and no antibiotic treatment; see main text). Likely no: no indication of parthenogenesis‐inducing endosymbionts, but reversibility to sexuality has not been tested. Based on 143 cases.