Table 3.

Frequency of parthenogenesis in haplodiploid taxa

Orders	Common name	Parthenogens	Total species	Proportion	Species total reference
Astigmata	Mites	3	5000	0.001	(Norton et al. 1993)
Coleoptera: Micromalthidae	Telephone‐pole beetle*	1	1	1	(Normark 2003)
Coleoptera: Scolytinae	Bark beetles	1	4500	0.000	(Farrell et al. 2001)
Hemiptera: Aleyrodoidae	Whiteflies	4	1556	0.003	(Martin and Mound 2007)
Hemiptera: Margarodidae	Scale insects	3	428	0.007	(García Morales et al. 2016)
Hemiptera: Diaspididae	Scale insects	1	2378	0.000	(García Morales et al. 2016)
Hymenoptera	Ants, bees, sawflies and wasps	586	150,000	0.004	(Mayhew 2007)
Mesostigmata	Predatory mites	43	5000	0.009	(Norton et al. 1993)
Prostigmata	Mites	6	14,000	0.000	(Norton et al. 1993)
Thysanoptera	Thrips	91	5938	0.015	(Mayhew 2007)
Trombidiformes	Mites	26	25,821	0.001	(Zhang et al. 2011)

In mites and Scolytinae, the exact origin(s) of haplodiploidy are not known, so the higher taxonomic level was chosen. ^*The telephone‐pole beetle, Micromalthus debilis, is the only extant species in this monotypic family, which is considered to have a haplodiploid origin, see Normark (2003).

Only taxa with at least one case of parthenogenesis described are shown.