Table 1.
Demographics and Smoking Characteristics
| Pregnant (n = 20) |
Non-Pregnant (n = 89) |
p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age | 30.3 ± 4.9 | 29.7 ± 6.4 | .72 |
| % White | 90.0 | 96.6 | .23 |
| % High school graduate or less | 55.0 | 50.0 | .63 |
| % Opioid-dependent | 35.0 | 30.9 | .79 |
| Estimated weeks gestational age | 22.2 ± 9.9 | N/A | |
| Smoking Characteristics | |||
| Pre-pregnancy cigarettes per day | 22.1 ± 7.8 | N/A | |
| Cigarettes per day at screening | 12.6 ± 5.4 | 15.3 ± 6.1 | .07 |
| Nicotine yield for usual brand cigarette | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | .62 |
| % Menthol | 25.0 | 27.0 | .98 |
| Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence | 4.4 ± 2.2 | 4.6 ± 2.2 | .69 |
| Age first started smoking | 14.7 ± 2.9 | 15.5 ± 2.6 | .24 |
| Biochemical Measures | |||
| Urine cotinine (ng/ml) | 821.6 ± 517.6 | 913.1 ± 462.4 | .44 |
| Nicotine metabolite ratio | 0.65 ± 0.30 | 0.44 ± 0.27 | .003 |
Values in the table are means ± standard deviations unless otherwise noted. Nicotine yield values come from the Federal Trade Commission’s Tar, Nicotine and Carbon Monoxide Report from 1999 to 2005.