FIG 5.

Expression analysis of the two pilA paralogs of TemeculaL and WM1-1 strains. For panels A and B, only TemeculaL and its mutants were used. (A) Results are expressed as fold change of pilA gene expression in cells cultured in PD3 medium supplemented with 3% BSA (PD3+BSA) and 100% grapevine variety Chardonnay sap (Sap) relative to expression in PD3. (B) Fold change in expression of pilA2 relative to that of pilA1 for the same cultures under three different media. (C) Expression of pilA2 in pilA1 mutants in both wild-type backgrounds (WM1-1 and TemeculaL) in PD3 media. Gene expressions was normalized by using nuoA as the endogenous control. An asterisk indicates significant difference in fold change, as compared by one-sample t test (fold change ≠ 1; P < 0.05). Error bars indicate standard errors of mean in fold change from three independent replicates of one experiment.