TABLE 5.

Associations between alpha diversity (number of OTUs and Shannon index) and variables related to demography, change in feeding mode, and antibiotic use at 12 months (n = 68)

Predictor variable	No. of OTUs		Shannon index
	Mean difference per unit of predictor variablea (95% CI)	P valueb	Mean difference per unit of predictor variablea (95% CI)	P valueb
Parity (no. of children)	23.5 (9.5, 37.5)	0.001	0.31 (0.12, 0.49)	0.002
Mode of delivery (caesarian section compared to vaginal birth)	14.1 (−19.2, 47.4)	0.401	0.17 (−0.27, 0.61)	0.440
Maternal education (having university degree compared to not having one)	0.3 (−28.9, 29.5)	0.983	−0.03 (−0.41, 0.36)	0.890
Household deprivation (deprivation category)	−13.6 (−34.0, 6.9)	0.189	−0.10 (−0.37, 0.17)	0.473
Consumption of infant formula (had consumed compared to had not)	24.2 (−5.2, 53.7)	0.105	0.12 (−0.28, 0.52)	0.547
Age at introduction of infant formula (wk)	0.7 (−0.5, 1.9)	0.265	0.01 (−0.002, 0.03)	0.098
Age at introduction of solids (wk)	−3.2 (−8.5, 2.1)	0.237	−0.03 (−0.10, 0.04)	0.450
Age at introduction of infant cereal (wk)	0.7 (−2.6, 3.9)	0.688	−0.002 (−0.04, 0.04)	0.931
Infant antibiotic use at time of fecal sample (had consumed compared to had not)	15.9 (−29.2, 61.1)	0.483	0.29 (−0.30, 0.88)	0.333

^aUnless otherwise indicated. Shown is linear regression with adjustment for group.

^bBoldface indicates statistically significant differences between variables.