G. uralensis flavonoids induce differentiation or apoptosis via different signaling pathways in B16-F10 cells. B16-F10 cells were treated with various concentrations of selected flavonoids at concentration of 20 and 40 μM for 48 h, after which protein expression in total cells were assayed by Western blot analysis. (A) GF-1 and GF-9 induced phosphorylations of p 38 (~38 kDa) and p-CREB (~43 kDa), as well as expression of and MITF (~60 kDa). (B) GF-4 induced protein expression of p-AKT (~60 kDa), PI3K(~85 kDa), and MITF (~60 kDa). (C) GF-6 induced expression of Cl-PARP(~89 kDa), Cl-Casp 9(~37 kDa), and Cl-Casp 3(~19 kDa). The relative abundance of each band to their own GAPDH was quantified, and the control levels were set at 1.0 (lower panel). Data are expressed as percentage of control, in means ± SEM (n = 3).* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, compared with control.