Table 3.
The bioactive compounds (high molecular weight, 500–1000 g/mol) and their antimelanogenic activity.
| Bioactive Compounds. | Description | ICp | ICm | ICt | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Floralginsenoside A |
Formula: C40H66O15 MW: 786.44 Origin: Panax ginseng Log P:- |
PO | 82% (80 µM) 79% (160 µM) |
83% (80 µM) 78% (160 µM) |
[42] |
 4,5-O-Dicaffeoylquinic Acid |
Formula: C25H24O12 MW:516.13 Origin: Artemisia capillaris Thunberg (Oriental Wormwood) Log P: 0.49 |
PO | 50% (75 ug/mL) | 60% (75 ug/mL) | [31] |
 Ginsenoside Rb2 |
Formula: C48H78O22 MW: 1007.12 Origin: Panax ginseng Log P:- |
PO | 80% (80 µM) | 78% (80 µM) | [39] |
 Octaphlorethol A |
Formula: C48H34O24 MW: 994.77 Origin: Ishige foliacea Log P:- |
PO | ~75% (25 µM) | ~67% (25 µM) | [84] |
Note: MW, molecular weight (g/mol); ICp, phenotype pigmentation level; ICm, melanin content level; ICt, tyrosinase activity level; PO, Phenotype observation. ICp, ICm and ICt in percentage (%) as compared to untreated control.