Table 2.
Multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted for baseline patient characteristics and treatment (n = 2495)
| Coefficient | Adj OR | 95% CI | p value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Closed ICU | (Ref: open ICU) | 0.463 | 1.589 | 1.276 | – | 1.827 | 0.001* |
| Type of ICU | (Ref: in-hospital general ICU) | ||||||
| In-hospital surgical ICU | − 0.525 | 0.592 | 0.286 | – | 1.223 | 0.157 | |
| Emergency ICU | 0.101 | 1.106 | 0.9 | – | 1.36 | 0.338 | |
| Number of beds | (Continuous) | − 0.002 | 0.998 | 0.981 | – | 1.016 | 0.846 |
| Blood culture | (Ref: no blood culture) | ||||||
| Positive | − 0.785 | 0.456 | 0.279 | – | 0.746 | 0.002* | |
| Negative | − 0.407 | 0.666 | 0.419 | – | 1.059 | 0.086 | |
| Infection type | (Ref: unknown infection) | ||||||
| Viral infection | 0.447 | 1.563 | 0.48 | – | 5.085 | 0.458 | |
| GNR infection | 0.606 | 1.833 | 1.349 | – | 2.492 | < 0.001* | |
| GPC infection | 0.224 | 1.251 | 0.898 | – | 1.743 | 0.185 | |
| Fungal infection | − 0.490 | 0.613 | 0.284 | – | 1.321 | 0.211 | |
| Mixed infection | 0.015 | 1.015 | 0.715 | – | 1.442 | 0.933 | |
| Other infection | 0.656 | 1.926 | 0.908 | – | 4.086 | 0.088 | |
| SOFA score | (Continuous) | − 0.133 | 0.876 | 0.845 | – | 0.908 | < 0.001* |
| APACHE II score | (Continuous) | − 0.018 | 0.982 | 0.969 | – | 0.996 | 0.010* |
| SIRS score | (Continuous) | − 0.115 | 0.892 | 0.796 | – | 0.999 | 0.048* |
| Sex, female | (Ref: male) | 0.373 | 1.451 | 1.171 | – | 1.799 | < 0.001* |
| Age | (Continuous) | − 0.0238 | 0.976 | 0.969 | – | 0.985 | < 0.001* |
| Body weight | (Continuous) | 0.0193 | 1.020 | 1.011 | – | 1.028 | < 0.001* |
| White blood cell count (× 103) | (Ref: 3.5~9) | ||||||
| 0~3.5 | 0.267 | 1.306 | 0.741 | – | 2.302 | 0.355 | |
| 9~ | − 1.407 | 0.245 | 0.019 | – | 3.107 | 0.278 | |
| Hemoglobin | (Continuous) | 0.049 | 1.05 | 1.006 | – | 1.097 | 0.026* |
| Platelet count (per 104) | (Continuous) | 0.003 | 1.003 | 0.991 | – | 1.015 | 0.624 |
| PT-INR | (Continuous) | − 0.0614 | 0.94 | 0.868 | – | 1.019 | 0.135 |
| Co-morbidities | (Ref: no) | ||||||
| Liver failure | − 0.724 | 0.485 | 0.288 | – | 0.817 | 0.007* | |
| Respiratory failure | − 0.434 | 0.648 | 0.404 | – | 1.038 | 0.071 | |
| Cardiac failure | − 0.486 | 0.615 | 0.403 | – | 0.938 | 0.024* | |
| Renal failure | − 0.640 | 0.527 | 0.368 | – | 0.756 | < 0.001* | |
| Immunological disorder | − 0.547 | 0.579 | 0.43 | – | 0.779 | < 0.001* | |
| Hematologic disorder | (Ref: no) | − 0.355 | 0.701 | 0.516 | – | 0.952 | 0.023* |
| Red blood cell transfusion | (Continuous) | − 0.022 | 0.978 | 0.956 | – | 1.001 | 0.061 |
| Fresh frozen plasma transfusion | (Continuous) | − 0.010 | 0.99 | 0.98 | – | 1.001 | 0.083 |
| Platelet concentration transfusion | (Continuous) | 0.002 | 1.002 | 0.996 | – | 1.008 | 0.529 |
| Treatment for DIC | (Ref: no) | ||||||
| Antithrombin III | 0.185 | 1.203 | 0.938 | – | 1.544 | 0.145 | |
| rhTM | 0.294 | 1.341 | 1.043 | – | 1.725 | 0.022* | |
| Nafamostat | 0.152 | 1.165 | 0.869 | – | 1.561 | 0.308 | |
| Heparin | 0.334 | 1.396 | 1.06 | – | 1.839 | 0.018* | |
| Warfarin | − 0.148 | 0.862 | 0.400 | – | 1.861 | 0.706 | |
| Antiplatelet | 0.318 | 1.374 | 0.679 | – | 2.778 | 0.377 | |
| Others | 0.303 | 1.354 | 0.318 | – | 5.768 | 0.682 | |
| Specific treatment | (Ref: no) | ||||||
| Immunoglobulin | 0.147 | 1.158 | 0.909 | – | 1.476 | 0.236 | |
| Low-dose steroid | − 0.534 | 0.586 | 0.462 | – | 0.744 | < 0.001* | |
| Renal replacement therapy | − 0.390 | 0.677 | 0.495 | – | 0.926 | 0.015* | |
| Renal replacement therapy not for renal indication | − 0.279 | 0.756 | 0.496 | – | 1.153 | 0.195 | |
| Polymyxin B direct hemoperfusion | 0.365 | 1.44 | 1.095 | – | 1.894 | 0.009* | |
| Plasma exchange | − 0.457 | 0.633 | 0.189 | – | 2.118 | 0.459 | |
| Veno-arterial ECMO | − 2.475 | 0.084 | 0.021 | – | 0.341 | < 0.001* | |
| Veno-venus ECMO | − 1.169 | 0.311 | 0.111 | – | 0.865 | 0.025* | |
| Ventilation support | − 0.815 | 0.443 | 0.339 | 0.578 | < 0.001* | ||
| Intra-aortic balloon pumping | 0.993 | 2.699 | 0.467 | – | 15.608 | 0.268 | |
White blood cell count (× 103)
adj OR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence intervals, ICU intensive care unit, GNR gram-negative rods, GPC gram-positive coccus, SOFA score Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, APACHE II score Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, SIRS score systemic inflammatory response syndrome score, PT-INR prothrombin time-international normalized ratio, DIC disseminated intravascular coagulation, rhsTM recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin, ECMO extracorporeal
*p < 0.05