Table 2. . Summary of studies included.
| Study (year) | n | Study design | Country | Interventions evaluated | Type of burden | Ref. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Combination | Comparator | ||||||
| Abdel-Rahman et al. (2016) | 1140 | Systematic review† and meta-analysis | Multinational | IPI + NIVO | IPI | EPI | [16] |
| Altman et al. (2016) | 85 | Retrospective, single-center analysis | USA | Anti-CTLA-4 + anti-PD-1 | Anti-CTLA-4 or anti-PD-1 | EPI, clinical | [26] |
| Chapman et al. (2016) | 252 | CheckMate 218: expanded access program | Canada, USA | IPI + NIVO | NA | EPI, clinical | [28] |
| CiRen et al. (2016) | 6442 | Systematic review† and meta-analysis | Multinational | IPI + NIVO | IPI or NIVO | EPI | [17] |
| Friedman et al. (2016) | 64 | CheckMate 218: Single-center analysis of expanded access program | Canada, USA | IPI + NIVO | NA | Clinical | [22] |
| Friedman et al. (2016) | 106 | Retrospective, single-center analysis | USA | IPI + NIVO | IPI, anti-PD-1 | EPI, clinical | [25] |
| Hodi et al. (2016) | 142 | CheckMate 069: 2-year follow-up | France, USA | IPI + NIVO | IPI | EPI | [20] |
| Postow et al. (2015) | 142 | CheckMate 069: Phase II clinical trial | France, USA | IPI + NIVO | IPI | EPI‡, clinical | [19] |
| Larkin et al. (2015) | 945 | CheckMate 067: Phase III clinical trial | Multinational | IPI + NIVO | IPI or NIVO | EPI, clinical | [7] |
| Spain et al. (2016) | 353 | Retrospective, single-center analysis | UK | IPI + NIVO | IPI or anti-PD-1 | EPI, clinical | [24] |
| Sznol et al. (2016) Sznol et al. (2016) |
448 | CheckMate 067, CheckMate 069, CA209–004: pooled analysis of three clinical trials | Multinational | IPI + NIVO | NA | EPI, clinical | [21,23] |
| Wolchok et al. (2013) | 86 | Phase I clinical trial | USA | IPI + NIVO | IPI followed by NIVO | EPI | [18] |
| Yang et al. (2016) | 6405 | Network meta-analysis of 19 studies | Multinational | IPI + NIVO | IPI, PEMBRO, NIVO, TREM, chemo, or IPI + chemo | EPI | [27] |
†Data from this systematic review were not incorporated into our analysis since the primary studies evaluated were already included.
‡Epidemiological data were taken from the 2-year follow-up (Hodi et al., 2016) since it reported the most recent numbers [20].
Anti-CTLA-4: Anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated molecule-4; EPI: Epidemiological; IPI: Ipilimumab; NA: Not applicable; NIVO: Nivolumab; PEMBRO: Pembrolizumab; TREM: Tremelimumab.