Table 2.
Preoperative data, monitoring and anesthesia.
| Study | Anesthesia | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Premedication | Induction | Maintenance | Neuromuscular relaxation |
Rescue analgesic use | |
| Dong et al.[14], 2017 | MID 0.05 mg/kg/IV 2h preop | 0.4 mcg/kg SUF, PROP, SEVO | SUF 1 mcg/kg/h and PROP, SEVO, oxygen, and CIS | CIS | IV injection of meperidine 50 mg |
| Dutta et al.[15], 2017 | Alprazolam on the night before and the morning of surgery | FEN and PROP | ISO and air/oxygen mixture | VECO | MO 3 mg IV |
| Jabbary Moghaddam et al.[16], 2016 | ___ | FEN 2 µg/kg, MID 0.05 mg/kg, LIDO, and ETO 1 - 2 mg/kg | Oxygen and ISO with 1% - 1.2% end-tidal concentration and FEN | CIS 1 - 2 µg/kg/min |
DEX: 0.5 µg/kg/hour Con: MID 0.05 mg/kg |
| Cai et al.[17], 2016 | ___ | PROP 2 mg/kg, SUF 0.3 mcg/kg | SEVO with a minimal alveolar concentration of 1.0 to 1.3 | ||
| CIS 0.2 mg/kg | Ketorolac 30 mg or tramadol (100 mg) | ||||
| Priye et al.[18], 2015 | Oral gabapentin 600 mg 45 min before surgery | MID 0.1 mg/kg, FEN 10 meg/kg, PROP 100 mcg/kg/min | ___ | VECO 0.2 mg/kg |
FEN 25 mcg intermittent bolus |
| Ren et al.[19], 2015 | MID 0.5-2 mg | PROP 1.5-2 mg/kg, SUF (TCI 0.2 ng/mL), and CIS 0.2 mg/kg |
PROP (TCI 2.4-3.0 mcg/mL), DEX 0.4-0.6 mcg/kg/h) and SUF (TCI 0.2-0.24 ng/mL) | CIS 0.04 mg/kg every hour |
30 mg intravenous ketorolac and tramadol (100 mg) |
| Ramsay et al.[20], 2014 | ___ | PROP, FEN, and SEVO | ___ | VECO | ___ |
| Abdel-Meguid[21], 2013 | LOR 2 mg orally one night before surgery and MO 0.1 mg/kg IM 2h Preop | SUF 1-1.5 µg/kg, MID 0.05-0.1 mg/kg | SEVO plus SUF 0.2 mcg/kg/hour, MID 1.5 mcg/kg/hour, and ROCU 0.5 mg/kg/hour | ROCU 0.9 mg/kg |
___ |
| Elhakim et al.[22], 2010 | MID 0.07 mg/kg IM half an hour before surgery | FEN 3 mg/kg, thiopental 3-5 mg/kg and |
End-tidal concentration of 0.3-0.5 vol% ISO | Pancuronium 0.1 mg/kg | Paracetamol |
| Ghandi et al.[23], 2005 | MO 0.1 mg/kg/IM with oral LOR 1 mg | REM 1 µ/kg, MID 0.1 mg/kg and CIS 0.15 mg/kg | REM 0.1 - 0.05 µ/kg/minute, propofol 50 - 75 µg/kg/minute, MID 0.02 - 0.05 µ/kg/minute, CIS and low dose of SEVO | Not reported by authors | Not reported by authors |
| Wahlander et al.[24], 2005 | ___ | PROP 2 to 3 mg/kg, FEN 2 mcg/kg | Oxygen, nitrous oxide, ISO, FEN, and VECO | VECO 0.1 mg/kg |
3 mL 0.125% (3.75 mg) bupivacaine |
| Venn et al.[25], 1999 | ___ | Remifentanil | MO | ___ | MID 0.01-0.2 mg/kg/h and MO 2 mg |
ABG=atrial blood gas; BIS=bispecteral index; BP=blood pressure; CIS=cisatracurium; DEX=dexmedetomidine; ECG=electrocardiogram; ETO=etomidate; FEN=fentanyl; h=hour; HR=heart rate; ISO=isoflurane; IM=intramuscular; IV=intravenous; LIDO=lidocaine; LOR=lorazepam; MID=midazolam; MO=morphine; NIABP=noninvasive blood pressure; PROP=propofol; REM=remifentanil; ROCU=rocuronium; SEVO=sevoflurane; SpO2=pulse oxygen saturation; SUF=sufentanil; VECO=vecuronium