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. 2018 Sep 4;13(9):e0203329. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203329

Table 3. Correlations between the three POAM-P scales and biopsychosocial factors.

Avoidance Pacing Overdoing
Variable N Possible values Correlation p-value Correlation p-value Correlation p-value
Avoidance 891 0–40 1.00 0.46 <0.001 -0.35 <0.001
Pacing 891 0–40 0.46 <0.001 1.00 -0.15 <0.001
Overdoing 891 0–40 -0.35 <0.001 -0.15 <0.001 1.00
BPI-I 875 0–10 0.33 <0.001 0.09 0.010 -0.20 <0.001
HAD-D 871 0–21 0.28 <0.001 0.03 0.355 -0.25 <0.001
SFS/HFS 861 0–200 -0.27 <0.001 -0.12 <0.001 0.31 <0.001
6MWT 668   -0.15 <0.001 -0.15 <0.001 0.14 <0.001
PILE 579   -0.13 0.001 -0.10 0.018 0.10 0.012
SRT 565   -0.18 <0.001 -0.20 <0.001 0.16 <0.001
BPI-I reduction 846   0.02 0.640 -0.01 0.744 0.10 0.003
HAD-D reduction 850   -0.07 0.032 -0.03 0.379 0.09 0.012
SFS/HFS improvement 835   -0.03 0.374 0.01 0.881 0.05 0.118
6MWT improvement 626   -0.05 0.226 0.04 0.265 0.11 0.009
PILE improvement 525   0.03 0.470 0.04 0.359 0.06 0.198
SRT improvement 527   -0.02 0.572 0.04 0.348 0.03 0.452
Age 887   0.05 0.110 0.22 <0.001 -0.07 0.028
CIRS 849 0–56 0.03 0.367 0.05 0.169 -0.03 0.314
TSK 873 17–68 0.52 <0.001 0.20 <0.001 -0.29 <0.001
PCS 871 0–52 0.47 <0.001 0.14 <0.001 -0.26 <0.001
HADs anxiety 871 0–21 0.25 <0.001 0.00 0.993 -0.10 0.003
BPI severity 875 0–10 0.36 <0.001 0.12 <0.001 -0.24 <0.001
BPI highest pain 872 0–10 0.30 <0.001 0.07 0.035 -0.19 <0.001
BPAQ leisure 436 1–5 -0.04 0.400 -0.02 0.620 0.11 0.016

BPI-I = Brief Pain Inventory—Interference; HAD-D = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale—Depression; SFS/HFS = Spinal Function Sort/Hand Function Sort; 6MWT = 6-minute walk test; PILE = Progressive Isoinertial Lifting Evaluation; SRT = Steep Ramp Test; CIRS = Cumulative Illness Rating Scale; TSK = Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia; PCS = Pain Catastrophizing Scale; HADs = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; BPAQ = Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire