Table 1.

Primers and Polymerase Chain Reaction Conditions

Gene	Forward and reverse primer	Product length (bp)	Annealing temperature (°C)	MgCl2 concentration (g/L)	Accession ID (NCBI)
Adipogenic markers
LPL	F: 5′-CTGCAAATGAGACACTTTCTC-3′	276	51	1.0	NM_000237
	R: 5′-CATGTCCTGGCAGTCTCTGA-3′
PPARG	F: 5′-GCTGTTATGGGTGAAACTCTG-3′	350	51	1.0	NM_005037
	R: 5′-TAAGGTGGAGATGCAGGCTC-3′				NM_015869
					NM_138711
					NM_138712
Osteogenic marker
ALPL	F: 5′-TGGAGCTTCAGAAGCTCAACACCA-3′	454	51	1.0	NM_000478
	R: 5′-ATCTCGTTGTCTGAGTACCAGTCC-3′				NM_001127501
					NM_001177520
Chondrogenic markers
ACAN	F: 5′-GCCTTGAGCAGTTCACCTTC-3′	392	54	1.0	NM_001135
	R: 5′-CTCTTCTACGGGGACAGCAG-3′				NM_013227
BGN	F: 5′-AGTAGAGGCAGCTGCAGCCAC-3′	424	53	1.0	NM_001711
	R: 5′-GTGTCTGGACAGGTGCGGCAGC-3′
COL2A1	F: 5′-GGTATTGCTGGCTTCAAAGG-3′	387	58	1.0	NM_001844
	R: 5′-AGGACGACCATCTTCACCAG-3′				NM_033150
COMP	F: 5′-CAGGACGACTTTGATGCAGA-3′	312	54	1.0	NM_000095
	R: 5′-AGGCTGGAGCTGTCCTGGTA-3′
FMOD	F: 5′-ACCAGTGATAAGGTGGGCAG-3′	368	54	1.0	NM_002023
	R: 5′-AAGTAGCTATCGGGGACGGT-3′
Hypertrophic marker
COL10A1	F: 5′-GGTATTGCTGGCTTCAAAGG-3′	468	54	1.0	NM_000493
	R: 5′-AGGACGACCATCTTCACCAG-3′
Housekeeping gene
EEF1A1	F: 5′-AGGTGATTATCCTGAACCATCC-3′	235	54	1.0	NM_001402
	R: 5′-AAAGGTGGATAGTCTGAGAAGC-3′

Forward and reverse primers to amplify specific gene products along with their associated product lengths (l_Amplicon), the annealing temperature (T_Anneal), the concentrations of MgCl₂ used in the reaction mixture (c_MgCl), and the accession ID at the Gene database of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).

LPL: lipoprotein lipase, PPARG: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, ALPL: alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme, ACAN: aggrecan core protein, BGN: byglican, COL2A1: collagen alpha-1(II) chain, COMP: cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, FMOD: fibromodulin, COL10A1: collagen alpha-1(X) chain, EEF1A1: expression analyses, elongation factor 1-alpha 1.