Table 1.
Sample Characteristics of the PINE (N = 3158)
| Characteristics | Range | Mean/ % | SD |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 60–105 | 72.81 | 8.30 |
| Women | 57.95% | ||
| Married | 71.33% | ||
| Years of education | 0–26 | 8.72 | 5.05 |
| Personal annual income | |||
| $0–$4,999 | 33.31% | ||
| $5,000–$9,999 | 51.76% | ||
| $10,000 or above | 14.93% | ||
| Having ADL difficulties | 7.77% | ||
| Having IADL difficulties | 50.28% | ||
| Years in the US | 0.1–90 | 20.02 | 13.18 |
| Level of acculturation | 12–60 | 15.25 | 5.11 |
| Perceived stress | 0–39 | 10.11 | 6.55 |
| Coping resources | |||
| Sense of mastery | 7–49 | 34.56 | 7.66 |
| Support from spouse/ partner | 56.08% | ||
| Support from family | 64.76% | ||
| Received filial piety from children | 6–30 | 22.18 | 4.95 |
| Neighborhood cohesion | -1.08–2.84 | .002 | .77 |
| Mental Health | |||
| Depression | 0–27 | 2.65 | 4.13 |
| Anxiety | 0–21 | 2.65 | 3.28 |