Table 2b.

Training and Supervision while in Clinical Position (post-graduate)

Technique	Training Level/Type
	No training or supervision	Workshop	Ongoing, regular supervision while using this technique with patients	Occasional or infrequent supervision while using this technique with patients	Use this technique informally with patients, but no formal training or supervision related to using this technique
Cognitive restructuring	8.1	25.6	32.6	19.8	14.0
In vivo exposure	43.7	12.6	23.0	12.6	8.0
Interoceptive exposure	70.1	11.5	9.2	6.9	2.3
Imaginal exposure	49.4	12.9	21.2	11.8	4.7

Key Terms: Cognitive restructuring during CBT for anxiety disorders involves a set of techniques in which the therapist teaches patients to use evidence-based thinking to reappraise threat-laden thoughts about anxiety provoking stimuli and to think more flexibly by generating alternative ways of thinking about the stimuli; In vivo exposure consists of directly (and typically repeatedly and gradually) facing the feared situation; interoceptive exposure consists of inducing physiological sensations of autonomic nervous system arousal (typically repeatedly), and is most commonly used in the treatment of panic disorder; imaginal exposure consists of facing feared stimuli in imagination, typically repeatedly and in the form of “worst case scenario outcomes” (in generalized anxiety disorder treatment), traumatic memories (in posttraumatic stress disorder treatment), or obsessional, unwanted images (in obsessive compulsive disorder treatment). The order and content of exposure activities is traditionally generated by creating a fear hierarchy, which is a list of feared/avoided stimuli that the patient rates on fear or subjective units of distress (SUD).