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. 2018 Sep 4;8:13203. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-31566-4

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Schematic representation of “rational metabolic-flow switching”. The first step is the identification of a major secondary metabolite (filled green square) in the wild-type cells, which are the intended host cells, and the metabolite indicates a specialised active biosynthetic pathway in the cells. The second step is the introduction of an exogenous biosynthetic enzyme (red arrow) utilising the abundantly present starting material, intermediate, or the end-product of the original secondary metabolic pathway, which allows for the efficient switching of the pathway to the production of the exogenous secondary metabolite (filled blue circle), which has the same skeleton as the major compound that was originally present in the host cells.