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. 2018 Sep 4;3:14. doi: 10.1038/s41536-018-0052-5

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — AEC-II-iPL cells are able to engraft and differentiate to mature AEC-II and AEC-I cells in severely fibrotic lungs. a Experimental schema depicting the in vivo study using male recipients. Lung mechanical function measured by FlexiVent showing PV curves of all the experimental groups, b BLM cell-treated male recipient lungs 2 weeks after receiving either AEC-II-iPL or MSC cells at day 7 of BLM treatment (BLM ^day7 + iPL^+2W, BLM ^day7 + MSC^+2W), and c BLM cell-treated male recipient lungs 1 week after receiving AEC-II-iPL cells or MSC at day 14 of BLM treatment (BLM ^day14 + iPL^+1W, BLM ^day14 + MSC^+1W). d Representative images of whole lungs from all the experimental groups at day 21 of bleomycin (BLM) treatment. e The cell retention rate of engrafted GFP cells in recipient lungs (percentage of day 0 injected cells) was calculated using genomic GFP at day 21 of BLM treatment (relative to β-actin GFP lungs) measured by PCR. f Confocal microscopic images of alveolar epithelium of the saline control, BLM untreated (BLM ^day21), and BLM cell-treated at day 7 (BLM ^day7 + iPL^+2W, BLM ^day7 + MSC^+2W) or at day 14 (BLM ^day14 + iPL^+1W, BLM ^day14 + MSC^+1W) animals showing nuclear stain DAPI (blue) and LAMP3 (red) and GFP (green) expression. g Expression levels of SPC in recipient lungs, as measured by qRT-PCR, comparing fold differences in the expression to control lungs. h Confocal microscopic images of alveolar epithelium of the saline control, BLM untreated (BLM ^day21), and BLM cell-treated at day 7 (BLM ^day7 + iPL^+2W, BLM ^day7 + MSC^+2W) and at day 14 (BLM ^day14 + iPL^+1W, BLM ^day14 + MSC^+1W) showing nuclear stain DAPI (blue) and AQP5 (red) and GFP (green). i Expression levels of AQP5 in the recipient lungs, as measured by qRT-PCR, comparing fold differences in the expression to control lungs. For b, c, e, g, i, values are mean ± S.D. of three independent biological replicates *p < 0.05; **p < 0.001; ***p < 0.0001. Scale bar, 100 µm (f); 10 µm (f—zoom and h)