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. 2018 Sep 4;8:13198. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-31487-2

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of AITC, cold stimulation and menthol on sensory neurons innervating the facial skin or the buccal mucosa. (a,b) Each trace represents intracellular calcium levels in one neuron (retrolabeled with DiI) innervating the skin or the mucosa that was treated with AITC (250 µM), cold HBSS buffer, menthol (250 µM), and KCl (75 mM). Horizontal grey bars indicate the duration of each treatment. Bar-graphs show the proportion of neurons responding to, (c) AITC or menthol, (d) menthol or cold HBSS buffer, (e) AITC and/or cold HBSS buffer. Note that no neurons were responsive to both AITC and menthol. ***p < 0.001, Chi-square test, n = 66–162 neurons.