Table 2.
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and internet usage.
| Characteristics | Total (N=115) | Intervention group (n=57) | Control group (n=58) | P valuea | ||||||
| Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||||||||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 50.42 (13.32) | 51.65 (14.02) | 49.21 (12.60) | .33 | ||||||
| Sex (female), n (%) | 82 (71.3) | 33 (57.9) | 39 (67.2) | .53 | ||||||
| Married or in a relationship, n (%) | 77 (66.9) | 37 (64.9) | 40 (69.0) | .69 | ||||||
| Educational level, n (%)b | ||||||||||
| No school-leaving qualification | 25 (21.7) | 13 (22.8) | 12 (20.7) | .82 | ||||||
| Lower secondary | 10 (8.7) | 7 (12.3) | 3 (5.2) | .20 | ||||||
| Middle secondary | 20 (17.4) | 8 (14.0) | 12 (20.7) | .46 | ||||||
| Higher secondary | 6 (5.2) | 2 (3.5) | 4 (6.9) | .68 | ||||||
| Highest secondary | 12 (10.4) | 6 (10.5) | 6 (10.3) | .99 | ||||||
| Vocational training | 24 (20.9) | 14 (24.6) | 8 (13.8) | .16 | ||||||
| University degree | 18 (15.6) | 5 (8.8) | 11 (19.0) | .18 | ||||||
| Employment | ||||||||||
| (Self-) Employed, n (%) | 63 (54.8) | 24 (42.1) | 39 (67.2) | .01 | ||||||
| Pain | ||||||||||
| Intensity, mean (SD) | 4.62 (1.72) | 4.83 (1.35) | 4.55 (1.88) | .46 | ||||||
| Duration, n (%) | ||||||||||
| 3-6 months | 2 (1.7) | 1 (1.7) | 1 (1.7) | .99 | ||||||
| 1-2 years | 17 (14.8) | 6 (10.5) | 11 (19.0) | .29 | ||||||
| 2-5 years | 30 (26.1) | 17 (29.8) | 13 (22.4) | .40 | ||||||
| Over 5 years | 66 (57.4) | 33 (57.9) | 33 (56.9) | .99 | ||||||
| Prior psychological pain treatmentc (n=111), n (%) | 49 (42.6) | 22 (38.6) | 27 (46.5) | .41 | ||||||
| Current psychological pain treatmentc (n=111), n (%) | 24 (20.9) | 13 (22.8) | 11 (19.0) | .65 | ||||||
| Physical functioning | ||||||||||
| Multidimensional Pain Inventory, mean (SD) | 3.79 (1.09) | 3.81 (1.04) | 3.77 (1.34) | .84 | ||||||
| Emotional functioning (n=108) | ||||||||||
| PHQ-8d, mean (SD)c | 10.67 (4.86) | 10.79 (4.79) | 10.55 (4.97) | .79 | ||||||
| GAD-7e, mean (SD)c | 8.23 (4.86) | 8.42 (5.24) | 8.04 (4.46) | .69 | ||||||
| Internet usage, mean (SD) | 3.43 (1.21) | 3.21 (1.18) | 3.64 (1.22) | .06 | ||||||
aThe P value refers to the significance level of the test on differences between the intervention and control groups on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and internet usage.
bSecondary education according to the German classification: “Hauptschule” (“lower,” 9 years, until age 15/16), “Realschule” (“middle,” 10 years, until age 16/17), “Fachhochschulreife” (“higher,” 12 years, until age 17/18), “Abitur” (“highest,” 12 or 13 years, until age 17-19).
cIncomplete data.
dPHQ-8: Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale.
eGAD-7: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener 7-item.