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. 2018 Mar 22;1:22. doi: 10.1038/s42003-018-0026-6

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 7 — Artificially induced fluctuations in growth light reveal the photoprotective effect of psbS overexpression in rice. An example of NPQ, qP and relative ETR measured within artificially fluctuating light (a, c, e) and static light (b, d, f) for overexpressing (OE) and wild-type (WT) lines. Light fluctuated within the Fytoscope (PSI, Brno, Czech Republic) cabinet between 1500 and 100 µmol m⁻²s⁻¹ every 3 min or was kept static at 800 µmol photons m⁻² s⁻¹ during the light phase of a 12 h photoperiod. The total daily PPFD was the same for both treatments. To clearly demonstrate the differences between lines and treatments a 2 h portion during mid-day is shown over a 3-day period during the experiment. Three sensors were used each for WT and OE. The Monitoring Pam pulses (applied every 5 min) and the light fluctuations were not synchronised. Values are average ± standard errors of the means from two independent experiments. n = 18 (3 moniPAM heads per plant type)