Fig. 5.

Defensome gene response to DD during embryo development. Whole mount in situ hybridizations on DMSO-control embryos and DD-treated embryos at 0.1 µg mL⁻¹ was performed throughout different developmental stages until hatch (i.e., 8-cell, 64-cell, and mid-tailbud stages and early-, mid- and late-hatchlings). Expression analysis of Gclm, Adh3, Aldh2, and Aldh8 reveals that DD activates a rapid response of the defensome during O. dioica development. The number of scored embryos in each stage after DD treatment was between 5 and 10, and in 100% of the cases showed the same expression pattern. Scale bar 50 µm