Table 2.

Comparison of outcome between the groups at baseline and final assessment, adjusted for wave

(Mean values and standard deviations; effect sizes and 95 % confidence intervals)

	Vitamin D				Placebo
	Baseline		Final		Baseline		Final
	Mean	sd	Mean	sd	Mean	sd	Mean	sd	Effect size*	95 % CI	P
CES-D	13·1	7·9	13·6	10·1	12·7	8·9	13·9	9·9	−1·41	−4·33, 1·50	0·339
HADS anxiety subscale	13·0	3·0	13·4	3·0	13·2	2·9	13·2	2·9	0·16	−0·62, 0·95	0·862
Flourishing Scale	45·3	7·1	44·7	10·1	41·9	11·5	44·1	9·4	−1·08	−3·91, 1·75	0·453
Positive mood†	3·1	0·7	3·1	0·8	2·9	0·7	3·1	0·8	−0·07	−0·28, 0·14	0·518
Negative mood‡	1·6	0·4	1·6	0·6	1·6	0·5	1·5	0·5	0·05	−0·11, 0·21	0·538

CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.

^*Effect size estimate compares the difference in the outcome measure between baseline and endline between the two groups. Effect size <2 = small, 5 = medium, 8 = large.

^†Mean composite of nine positive mood adjectives reported daily for three consecutive days.

^‡Mean composite of nine negative mood adjectives reported daily for three consecutive days.