Figure 3.

Fitness contours plotted as in figure 2 together with the ratios of death to growth rates that generate them. (a,c) show the ratio of death to growth rate plotted in relation to offspring mass, dashed horizontal lines show where death rate = growth rate. (b,d) show the resulting fitness contours. In (a,b), d/g = −½ log(offspring mass) and this results in concave fitness contours, selecting for an intermediate optimum. In (c,d), d/g = 2 + ½ log(offspring mass) and the resulting fitness contours are convex. This selects for extreme strategies. See text for further details.