Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies
| Investigators | Design | Group | Age (y) | Patients (n) | Male (n) | Female (n) | Fractures (n) | Fracture class | Country | Follow-up (mo) | Level of evidence | Result favored |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wang et al.,16 2010 | RCT | Two-stage ORIF | 40.1 ± 10.7 | 27 | 25 | 2 | 27 | B3 (n = 3)C1 (n = 9)C2 (n = 10)C3 (n = 5)* | China | 24 | I | ORIF |
| LIFEF | 37.2 ± 10.9 | 29 | 26 | 3 | 29 | B3 (n = 2)C1 (n = 7)C2 (n = 13)C3 (n = 7)* | ||||||
| Davidovitch et al.,12 2011 | Retro. | Two-stage ORIF | 39 | 26 | 17 | 9 | 26 | C1 (n = 3)C2 (n = 4)C3 (n = 19)* | US | 12 | III | NS |
| LIFEF | 43 | 20 | 12 | 8 | 21 | C1 (n = 2)C2 (n = 6)C3 (n = 13)* | ||||||
| Richards et al.,15 2012 | Cohort | Two-stage ORIF | 40.66 ± 13.3 | 18 | NR | NR | 18 | C1 (n = 1)C2 (n = 1)C3 (n = 16)* | US | 12 | II | ORIF |
| LIFEF | 46.96 ± 13.1 | 27 | NR | NR | 27 | C1 (n = 1)C2 (n = 5)C3 (n = 21)* | ||||||
| Blauth et al.,10 2001 | Retro. | Two-stage ORIF | NR | 15 | NR | NR | 15 | NR | Australia | 48 | III | NS |
| LIFEF | NR | 8 | NR | NR | 8 | NR | ||||||
| Deivaraju et al.,13 2015 | Retro. | Two-stage ORIF | NR | 33 | NR | NR | 33 | A (n = 4)B (n = 6)C (n = 23)* | US | 9 | III | NS |
| LIFEF | NR | 32 | NR | NR | 32 | A (n = 1)B (n = 5)C (n = 26)* | ||||||
| Bacon et al.,9 2007 | Retro. | Two-stage ORIF | 39.4 ± 11.2 | 25 | 20 | 5 | 25 | C1 (n = 3)C2 (n = 7)C3 (n = 15)* | US | 12 | III | NS |
| LIFEF | 32.3 ± 10.2 | 13 | 11 | 2 | 13 | C1 (n = 1)C2 (n = 3)C3 (n = 9)* | ||||||
| Koulouvaris et al.,14 2007 | Retro. | Two-stage ORIF | 45.6 | 13 | NR | NR | 13 | B2 (n = 8)B3 (n = 0)C1 (n = 0)C2 (n = 5)C3 (n = 0) | US | 12 | III | ORIF |
| LIFEF | 46 | 42 | NR | NR | 42 | B2 (n = 7)B3 (n = 4)C1 (n = 14)C2 (n = 11)C3 (n = 6) | ||||||
| Cisneros et al.,11 2016 | Retro. | Tw-stage ORIF | NR | 18 | NR | NR | 18 | NR | India | 24 | III | ORIF |
| LIFEF | NR | 13 | NR | NR | 13 | NR |
ORIF, open reduction and internal fixation; LIFEF, limited internal fixation combined with external fixation; RCT, randomized controlled trial; Retro., retrospective; NR, not reported; NS, not significant.
*Orthopaedic Trauma Association classification [Orthopaedic Trauma Association Committee for Coding and Classification. Fracture and dislocation compendium. J Orthop Trauma 1996; 10(Suppl 1): 1–154].