Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics, Clinical Presentation, and Management of Patients With Large Adrenal Tumorsa,b
| Variable | Total | Pheochromocytoma | ACA | Other benign tumors | ACC | Other malignant tumors | P value (overall) | P value (ACC vs other malignancy) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) | 705 | 158 (22) | 216 (31) | 116 (16) | 88 (13) | 127 (18) | ||
| Sex: female, No. (%) | 373 (53) | 84 (53) | 134 (62) | 55 (47) | 56 (64) | 44 (35) | <.001c | <.001c |
| Age at diagnosis (y), median (range) | 59 (18 to 91) | 53 (18 to 87) | 61 (25 to 91) | 54 (20 to 84) | 50 (19 to 85) | 66 (18 to 88) | <.001c | <.001c |
| Mode of discovery, No. (%) | <.001c | <.001c | ||||||
| Incidental | 472 (67) | 86 (54) | 184 (85) | 104 (90) | 37 (42) | 61 (48) | ||
| Hormone excess | 107 (15) | 62 (39) | 18 (8) | 0 (0) | 27 (31) | 0 (0) | ||
| Cancer staging | 61 (9) | 3 (2) | 6 (3) | 3 (3) | 5 (6) | 48 (38) | ||
| Mass effect | 51 (7) | 6 (4) | 6 (3) | 9 (7) | 18 (20) | 12 (9) | ||
| B symptoms | 14 (2) | 1 (1) | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 6 (5) | ||
| Location of adrenal tumor, No. (%) | <.001c | <.001c | ||||||
| Right | 297 (42) | 76 (48) | 81 (38) | 53 (46) | 43 (49) | 45 (35) | ||
| Left | 304 (43) | 69 (44) | 96 (44) | 51 (44) | 45 (51) | 44 (35) | ||
| Bilateral | 104 (15) | 13 (8) | 39 (18) | 12 (10) | 0 (0) | 38 (30) | ||
| Adrenal mass diameter (cm), median (range) | 5.2 (4 to 24.4) | 5.2 (4.0 to 20) | 4.5 (4 to 17) | 6.9 (4 to 20) | 10.9 (4 to 24.4) | 5.4 (4.0 to 18.6) | <.001c | <.001c |
| Unenhanced CT attenuation (HU), median (range) | 27 (−110 to 76) | 33 (18 to 60) | 11 (−64 to 71) | 13 (−110 to 55) | 35 (18 to 76) | 34 (14 to 56) | <.001c | .70 |
| Available in No. (%) | 360 (51) | 63 (40) | 138 (64) | 70 (60) | 41 (47) | 48 (38) | ||
| Adrenal biopsy, No. (%) | 103 (15) | 13 (8) | 15 (7) | 10 (9) | 19 (22) | 46 (36) | <.001c | .02c |
| Adrenalectomy, No. (%) | 457 (65) | 155 (98) | 118 (55) | 57 (49) | 77 (88) | 50 (39) | <.001c | <.001c |
a
ACA = adrenocortical adenoma; ACC = adrenocortical carcinoma; CT = computed tomography; HU = Hounsfield unit.
b
Range was defined as minimum to maximum value.
c
Indicates statistical significance with P values <.05.