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. 2018 May 14;11(8):dmm033050. doi: 10.1242/dmm.033050

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© 2018. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

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Fig. 5. — Alteration of choline-associated metabolites in the treated cholangiocarcinoma-afflicted rats, as detected by ¹H NMR. (A) Representative NMR spectrum of choline-associated metabolites in cholangiocarcinoma-afflicted rats. Cho, choline; PC, phosphocholine; GPC, glycerophosphocholine. (B) Relative fold changes of intratumoral choline-associated metabolites after various treatment for 4 weeks (n=6 in each group). G, gemcitabine; R, rad001. *P<0.05 versus control group. (C) Representative features of choline kinase of treated cholangiocarcinoma-afflicted rats detected by western blotting. Gem, gemcitabine; Rad, rad001. MCF-7, a breast cancer cell line, served as a positive control; actin served as an internal control. (D) Quantitative analysis of CK in treated cholangiocarcinoma-afflicted rats detected by western blotting (n=6 in each group). G, gemcitabine; R, rad001. *P=0.021 versus control; ^†P=0.021 versus G; ^‡P=0.043 versus R. Error bars indicate s.d.