Table 3.
Summary of the regression results for the three exemplary analyses. The 95% confidence intervals are reported between parentheses
| Effect of tobacco exposure on BMI | Effect of prostate cancer on self-reported health | Effect of educational attainment on BMI | |
|---|---|---|---|
| OLS | 0.05 (0.04 – 0.06) | −0.17 (−0.22 – −0.12) | −0.11 (−0.11 – −0.10) |
| P = 1.90 × 10−17 | P = 9.17 × 10−11 | P = 9.20 × 10−308 | |
| First stage effect | 0.64 (0.49 – 0.80) | 0.00 (0.00 – 0.00) | 0.36 (0.33 – 0.39) |
| P = 3.64 × 10−16 | P = 2.45 × 10−3 | P = 4.10 × 10−122 | |
| Pleiotropic effect | 0.01 (−0.02 – 0.05) | −0.01 (−0.02 – 0.00) | λ × |
| P = 0.44 | P = 1.81 × 10−3 | First stage effect | |
| 2SLS | −0.24 (−0.40 – −0.08) | −1.26 (−5.26 – 2.75) | −0.39 (−0.47 – −0.31) |
| P = 3.50 × 10−3 | P = 0.54 | P = 9.63 × 10−21 | |
| PRMR | −0.26 (−0.43 – −0.09) | 4.51 (−0.89 – 9.91) | Depends on λ |
| P = 2.70 × 10−3 | P = 0.10 | See Figure 2 |