Figure 2.

Rejection rate and root mean squared error of a Mendelian randomization study (scenario I) with the true slope of 0.05 and no unbalanced pleiotropy. IVW, inverse variance weighted; WM, weighted median; MRE, MR-Egger; ${\mu }_{\phi }$ indicates the prior mean, and ${\sigma }_{{\mu }_{\phi }}^2$ the prior variance of a Bayesian MRE. The underlying numerical values are presented in Appendix 3, available as Supplementary data at IJE online.