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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Sep 5.

Published in final edited form as: Econ Hum Biol. 2016 Nov 4;24:1–17. doi: 10.1016/j.ehb.2016.10.011

Table 4:

Reduced Form Estimates of Malaria Ecology and Fertility

Independent Variables	Dependent Variable ln( TFR )
Independent Variables	(i)	(ii)	(xiii)
Malaria Ecology	0.19^***	0.13^***	0.14^***
	(0.03)	(0.02)	(0.03)
Females’ Years of Sec. School		−0.08^**	−0.08^***
		(−0.02)	(0.02)
ln( GDP pc, constant US$ )		−0.09^**	−0.08^**
		(0.04)	(0.04)
Av. temperature over period (C)			−0.08^**
			(0.04)
Av. precip. over period (mm)			0.03
			(0.05)
ln( Cereal Yield per Ha. )			−0.08
			(0.05)

N	1207	787	782
Countries	133	98	98
Within R-squared	0.74	0.81	0.81

Sample		All developing
Country Dummies	Y	Y	Y
Year Dummies	Y	Y	Y

Standard errors in parentheses, clustered by country

^***

indicates significant to 99% confidence,

^**

to 95%, and * to 90%.

Regressions exclude high-income countries.

All regressions include a constant (not reported)