Table 3. Generalized linear mixed models results showing that the abnormal behaviours exhibited by police horses during the sham feeding experiments were influenced by individual variation.

Abnormal Behaviour	DF	Deviance	Z	p-value
Head-shaking	45	0.00078	3.87	<0.001
Lip-smacking	45	0.00003	4.17	<0.001
Tongue playing	45	0.00015	4.41	<0.001
Licking	45	0.00036	3.05	<0.001
Crib-biting	45	0.00001	1.64	<0.05
Kicking	45	0.00028	0.42	<0.001
Pawing	45	0.00026	4.74	<0.001
Stomp	45	0.00003	2.54	<0.01
Lip twisting	45	0.00041	4.31	<0.001
Weaving	45	0.00020	3.40	<0.001

DF = degrees of freedom.