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. 2018 Aug 23;14(8):e1007240. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007240

Fig 1. Hemolysin-overexpressed strains promotes caspase-4 activation during infection.

Fig 1

(A-B) LDH release (A) and IL-18 secretion (B) detected in wild-type HeLa cells infected with indicated E. tarda strains (MOI = 25 or 100) for the indicated time periods. (C) caspase-4 activity measured in wild-type HeLa cells infected with indicated E. tarda strains (MOI = 25 or 100) for the indicated time periods, using AC-LEVD-pNA reagent as the assay substrate. (D) Cell morphology with propidium iodide (PI) staining of wild-type Caco-2 cells infected with the indicated E. tarda strains (MOI = 25, 4 hpi). Scale bar, 20 μm; arrows, pyroptotic cells. (E-J) LDH release or IL-18 secretion detected in wild-type and Caspase-4-/- Caco-2 cells infected with the indicated E. tarda (MOI = 25, 4 hpi) (E and F) or E. coli strains (MOI = 50, 4 hpi) (G-J). Graphs show the mean and s.e.m. of triplicate wells and are representative of three independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; NS, not significant (two-tailed t-test).