Table 5.

Interventions Reported by Whitman et al.²¹

Flexion Exercise + Walking	Manual Physical Therapy Treatment + Exercise + Walking
• 10 minutes ultrasound	Therapy
• Flexion exercises (knee-to-chest exercises, level treadmill where participants were advised to stop when they felt enough pain to make them stop normally)	• Spine (lumbar and thoracic)
• Treadmill lasted up to 45 minutes with participants stopping once they reached their pain threshold	• Pelvis
• All patients kept taking medications they were using for LSS	• Lower extremities
• No steroid injections were performed 6 weeks before treatment	• Thrust and nonthrust manipulations
	• Stretching and strengthening
	• Exercises regarding mobility = 3 sets of 30 seconds
	• Exercises regarding stretching = 3 sets of 30 seconds
	• Used a body weight–supported treadmill program
	• All patients kept taking medications they were using for LSS
	• No steroid injections were performed 6 weeks before treatment
Patient Global Rating Scale (based on perceived recovery and the threshold for this being a +3 or greater on a scale from −7 to 7); %	Patient Global Rating Scale (based on perceived recovery and the threshold for this being a +3 or greater on a scale from −7 to 7); %
6-week follow-up: 41	6-week follow-up: 79
1-year follow-up: 41	1-year follow-up: 62

Abbreviation: LSS, lumbar spinal stenosis.